
Eritrea
In a recent Exploration+Processing Magazine editorial, Stacy Davidson describes Eritrea with its 620 miles of coastline along the Red Sea as a historic centre of attention for various foreign powers, including the Ottoman Empire, Egypt, British Empire and Italy.
Nevertheless, Eritrea received the most attention from its larger neighbour Ethiopia, causing 30 years of oppression from the early 1960s to 1991 during the Ethiopian reign over Eritrea.
Eritrea fought a long and bitter independence war against Ethiopia and soon after the struggle had to face the challenge of rebuilding most of its shattered infrastructure and economy to serve the people of a new nation. According to Davidson, it was around this time that a Canadian gold and base metal explorer by the name of Nevsun Resources Ltd. shifted its focus towards southern Africa.
Nevsun’s history dates back to its founding year in 1965 in Vancouver as a minor exploration entity working on small mining projects geographically limited to North America. Nevsun’s expansion to markets abroad began in 1993 when it successfully started to identify properties with significant potential in Africa. The Kubi project in Ghana, under an agreement with Anglogold Ashanti, and Tabakoto mine in Mali were Nevsun’s first overseas ventures in 1999 and 2004. Both properties were sold between 2007 and 2008 as Nevsun wanted to focus solely on Eritrea, according to Nevsun CEO Cliff Davis.
In 2003 Nevsun made a discovery at Eritrea’s Bisha property, and it soon become apparent the Nevusn and the government of Eritrea would have a mutual interest to develop the property. Nevsun says that Bisha will be the first mine operating since colonial times in Eritrea and acknowledges the commitment of Eritrea’s President Isaias Afewerki to develop a mining industry to pursue Eritrea’s economic rehabilitation. The government holds a 10 percent free participating interest in the Bisha Mine and a 30 percent paid participating interest through the Eritrean National Mining Corporation (ENAMCO), which is a state owned mining company.
Eritrea’s government’s objective is to have a clean well-developed mining industry and Nevsun has not experienced any kind of corruption or underhanded dealings, says the company. “We got into Africa in 1993 and in 1997 received an enquiry about investing in Eritrea,” Nevsun CEO Cliff Davis recalls. “By 1999, we were actively engaged in Eritrea and exited about the potential we saw there.” Today Nevsun is nearly finished with the construction of the Bisha Mine and expects it to be in operation by the end of 2010. The Bisha project is a large precious and base metal-rich volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit, and it is fully financed and permitted. Nevsun says the mine will be a low cost gold producer for the first two years of its 10-plus mine life time.
The company expects to return payable metals of: 1.06 million ounces gold, 9.4 million ounces silver, 734 million pounds copper, and 1 billion pound zinc. Nevsun highlights that drill hole intersections have encountered mineralization to a maximum tested depth of 1300 feet, but further resource potential exists beyond depth and from nearby discoveries within the company’s licensed areas. Further, it believes that the mine life of Bisha could be far more than 10 years based on evidence from potential resources deep inside the Bisha mine.
Nevsun’s CEO projects that the company will employ at least 350 local employees and 50 expats when Bisha will reach full operational capability. He ads that Nevsun is employing around 600 local people and 100 expats during the current construction phase and committed to train and develop locals due to a lack of skilled human resources in the country. Nevsun has developed three scenarios of economic estimates from the mine, based on three types of metal prices:
- With low metal prices, the company projects a 20 percent internal rate of return, payback within 2.8 years and $426 million net cash for mine’s life.
- With medium metal prices, the company projects a 45 percent rate of return, payback within 1.6 years and $1.1 billion net cash for mine’s life.
- If metal prices are high, it plans with 63 percent internal rate of return, payback within 1 year and $1.75 billion net cash for mine’s life.
In addition Nevsun continues to work at the nearby Harena deposit, which is within its current mining licence, to define its potential as mill feed for the Bisha plant. There are also plans to drill at other potential targets on the property, along with continued prospecting, mapping, sampling and ground geographical surveys in order to identify new targets within its license. However, right now the company is focused on getting its Bisha plant into production according to its CEO.